Water hammer is a hydraulic shock wave that occurs in a fluid pipeline system due to sudden changes in fluid velocity or direction, which can potentially damage pipes and equipment. This article will discuss the causes of water hammer and methods to eliminate it, aiming to help readers better understand and address this issue.

Ⅰ.Causes of Water Hammer

Valve Closure: When a valve is suddenly closed, the fluid velocity and kinetic energy rapidly decrease, resulting in a hydraulic shock wave.

Sudden Pipe Blockage: Sudden pipe blockage can also lead to a rapid change in fluid velocity, causing water hammer.

Pump Start/Stop: Starting or stopping a pump can abruptly change the flow velocity of fluid, potentially triggering water hammer.

Excessive Fluid Velocity: When the fluid velocity exceeds the system's capacity to withstand it, water hammer may occur.

Ⅱ.Methods to Eliminate Water Hammer

Install Surge Suppressors: Surge suppressors (also known as pressure relief valves or water hammer arrestors) can slow down the rapid change in fluid velocity, thereby reducing the impact of water hammer.

Adjust Valve Operation: Gradually closing valves instead of abruptly closing them can reduce the likelihood of water hammer.

Use Valve Slow-Closing Devices: These devices can control the rate at which valves close, preventing water hammer from occurring.

Regularly Maintain Pipeline Systems: Keeping pipeline systems clean and in proper working condition to prevent sudden blockages can help reduce the occurrence of water hammer.

Employ Soft Start and Soft Stop Techniques: Gradually increasing or decreasing fluid flow velocity when starting and stopping pumps can mitigate the impact of water hammer.

Water hammer is a common issue in fluid pipeline systems that can potentially damage pipes and equipment. Understanding the causes of water hammer and methods to eliminate it is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of pipeline systems. By taking appropriate measures such as installing surge suppressors, adjusting valve operations, and regularly maintaining pipeline systems, the impact of water hammer can be effectively reduced or eliminated, ensuring the normal operation of pipeline systems.